Wireless sensor networks, one of the modern researching issues of computer network domain, can be used widely in many applications. Wireless sensor network is usually made up with lots of nodes which can be communicated with each other by radio. The signal propagating distance of sensor node is limited. It needs several sensor nodes to forward the data through multi-hop to the destination. The sensor network has the characteristics of energy constraint, low data rate with high redundancy and multi-to-one data flow. The time to live of sensor networks should be assured in order to satisfy the requirement of application. So, how to optimize energy consumption and prolong the time to live is the central issue in the algorithm and protocol of sensor network.Firstly, the concepts, characteristic, performance parameter about wireless sensor network are introduced. The research results of algorithm on broadcast route, multicast route and anycast route are discussed afterwards. The algorithms of anycast are applied to the routing algorithms of wireless sensor network because of its advantage. The method of anycast is used to resolve the routing problem with Multi-sink nodes. The experimental results show that less energy is consumed and the lifecycle of the network is prolonged comparing with the prevenient algorithms.A lightweight method of anycast MAC is proposed. With the method of back-off of anycast MAC, the nearest node is selected to forward data. The numbering mode is adopted at the same time to save the consumption of memory and routing. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the unicast MAC method. Finally, the main research results are summarized and the research plan is given.